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Generalized geological map of the Kapuskasing Structural Zone (KSZ) and surrounding region.

The KSZ is a block of lithosphere that at one time resided 20 km below the surface. In one or two immense heaves of the Earth, between 2,600 and 1,900 Ma, these rocks from the deep were thrust 70 km eastward and up to the surface, where we can walk on them today.
The map area is crossed by an ancient fault line, the Ivanhoe Lake Fault Zone, which shows clearly on gravity and aeromagnetic maps. The fault line runs from Lake Superior to James Bay. Along this west-dipping fault plane the KSZ thrust carried highly altered rock units from the deep onto less altered rocks of the Abitibi subprovince east of it .

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